Is midwest manufacturing at a crossroads?

Manufactures ; Trade

Linkages across the border--the Great Lakes economy

Great Lakes ; Automobile industry and trade

Higher energy prices in the Midwest

Middle West ; Gasoline ; Power resources - Prices

Reversal of fortune: understanding the Midwest recovery

Has the Midwest been good or lucky in its recent recovery? In this article, the authors assess the internal and external factors that have contributed to the revival of midwestern economic fortunes over the last decade.Middle West ; Economic conditions - Middle West

Aerodynamic design of annular ducts

This thesis presents mathematical and numerical methods for designing axisymmetric annular ducts having geometries capable of supporting fluid flows with prescribed performance characteristics. Three basic numerical methods of solution are given and are used to obtain results to the known exact solutions for a class of axisymmetric, irrotational incompressible flow regimes. Examination is made into the type of boundary conditions appropriate to control boundary layer behaviour and a new mixed boundary condition is derived to accomplish this. The technique is extended to cater for a class of swirling flows by investigating the derivation of a boundary layer approximation and further development allows the application of numerical iterative techniques to compressible flows with vorticity. These methods are especially suited to generating duct geometries with predetermined flow characteristics

What can the Midwest learn from California about emissions trading?

Clean Air Act of 1990 ; Environmental protection

Expression and function of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins in the developing pancreas: roles in the adhesion and migration of putative endocrine progenitor cells.

Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions play a critical role in tissue morphogenesis and in homeostasis of adult tissues. The integrin family of adhesion receptors regulates cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix, which provides three-dimensional information for tissue organization. It is currently thought that pancreatic islet cells develop from undifferentiated progenitors residing within the ductal epithelium of the fetal pancreas. This process involves cell budding from the duct, migration into the surrounding mesenchyme, differentiation, and clustering into the highly organized islet of Langerhans. Here we report that alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5), two integrins known to coordinate epithelial cell adhesion and movement, are expressed in pancreatic ductal cells and clusters of undifferentiated cells emerging from the ductal epithelium. We show that expression and function of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins are developmentally regulated during pancreatic islet ontogeny, and mediate adhesion and migration of putative endocrine progenitor cells both in vitro and in vivo in a model of pancreatic islet development. Moreover, we demonstrate the expression of fibronectin and collagen IV in the basal membrane of pancreatic ducts and of cell clusters budding from the ductal epithelium. Conversely, expression of vitronectin marks a population of epithelial cells adjacent to, or emerging from, pancreatic ducts. Thus, these data provide the first evidence for the contribution of integrins alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) and their ligands to morphogenetic events in the human endocrine pancreas